Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-9 (of 9 Records) |
Query Trace: Quinlivan M[original query] |
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Genomic DNA methylation changes in response to folic acid supplementation in a population-based intervention study among women of reproductive age.
Crider KS , Quinlivan EP , Berry RJ , Hao L , Li Z , Maneval D , Yang TP , Rasmussen SA , Yang Q , Zhu JH , Hu DJ , Bailey LB . PLoS One 2011 6 (12) e28144 Folate is a source of one-carbons necessary for DNA methylation, a critical epigenetic modification necessary for genomic structure and function. The use of supplemental folic acid is widespread however; the potential influence on DNA methylation is unclear. We measured global DNA methylation using DNA extracted from samples from a population-based, double-blind randomized trial of folic acid supplementation (100, 400, 4000 µg per day) taken for 6 months; including a 3 month post-supplementation sample. We observed no changes in global DNA methylation in response to up to 4,000 µg/day for 6 months supplementation in DNA extracted from uncoagulated blood (approximates circulating blood). However, when DNA methylation was determined in coagulated samples from the same individuals at the same time, significant time, dose, and MTHFR genotype-dependent changes were observed. The baseline level of DNA methylation was the same for uncoagulated and coagulated samples; marked differences between sample types were observed only after intervention. In DNA from coagulated blood, DNA methylation decreased (-14%; P<0.001) after 1 month of supplementation and 3 months after supplement withdrawal, methylation decreased an additional 23% (P<0.001) with significant variation among individuals (max+17%; min-94%). Decreases in methylation of ≥25% (vs. <25%) after discontinuation of supplementation were strongly associated with genotype: MTHFR CC vs. TT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.9, 95%CI 6.4, 26.0). The unexpected difference in DNA methylation between DNA extracted from coagulated and uncoagulated samples in response to folic acid supplementation is an important finding for evaluating use of folic acid and investigating the potential effects of folic acid supplementation on coagulation. |
Analysis of the reiteration regions (R1 to R5) of varicella-zoster virus.
Jensen NJ , Depledge DP , Ng TFF , Leung J , Quinlivan M , Radford KW , Folster J , Tseng HF , LaRussa P , Jacobsen SJ , Breuer J , Schmid DS . Virology 2020 546 38-50 The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome, comprises both unique and repeated regions. The genome also includes reiteration regions, designated R1 to R5, which are tandemly repeating sequences termed elements. These regions represent an understudied feature of the VZV genome. The R4 region is duplicated, with one copy in the internal repeat short (IRs) which we designated R4A and a second copy in the terminal repeat short (TRs) termed R4B. We developed primers to amplify and Sanger sequence these regions, including independent amplification of both R4 regions. Reiteration regions from >80 cases of PCR-confirmed shingles were sequenced and analyzed. Complete genome sequences for the remaining portions of these viruses were determined using Illumina MiSeq. We identified 28 elements not previously reported, including at least one element for each R region. Length heterogeneity was substantial in R3, R4A and R4B. Length heterogeneity between the two copies of R4 was common. |
Revisiting the genotyping scheme for varicella-zoster viruses based on whole-genome comparisons.
Jensen NJ , Rivailler P , Tseng HF , Quinlivan ML , Radford K , Folster J , Harpaz R , LaRussa P , Jacobsen S , Schmid DS . J Gen Virol 2017 98 (6) 1434-1438 We report whole-genome sequences (WGSs) for four varicella-zoster virus (VZV) samples from a shingles study conducted by Kaiser Permanente of Southern California. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of all published VZV WGSs revealed that strain KY037798 is in clade IX, which shall henceforth be designated clade 9. Previously published single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based genotyping schemes fail to discriminate between clades 6 and VIII and employ positions that are not clade-specific. We provide an updated list of clade-specific positions that supersedes the list determined at the 2008 VZV nomenclature meeting. Finally, we propose a new targeted genotyping scheme that will discriminate the circulating VZV clades with at least a twofold redundancy. Genotyping strategies using a limited set of targeted SNPs will continue to provide an efficient 'first pass' method for VZV strain surveillance as vaccination programmes for varicella and zoster influence the dynamics of VZV transmission. |
Novel genetic variation identified at fixed loci in ORF62 of the Oka varicella vaccine and in a case of vaccine-associated herpes zoster.
Quinlivan ML , Jensen NJ , Radford KW , Schmid DS . J Clin Microbiol 2012 50 (5) 1533-8 The live attenuated Oka varicella vaccine (vOka), derived from clade 2 wild type (wt) virus, pOka, is used for routine childhood immunization in several countries including the United States (US), causing dramatic declines in varicella incidence. vOka can cause varicella, establish latency and reactivate to cause herpes zoster (HZ). Three loci in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 62 (106262, 107252, 108111) are used to distinguish vOka from wt VZV. A 4(th) position (105705) is also fixed for the vOka allele in nearly all vaccine batches. These 4 positions and two vOka mutations (106710 & 107599) reportedly absent from Varivax were analyzed on Varivax-derived ORF62 TOPO TA clones. The wt allele was detected at positions 105705 and 107252 on 3% and 2% of clones, respectively, but was absent at positions 106262 and 108111. Position 106710 was fixed for the wt allele whereas the vOka allele was present on 18.4% of clones at position 107599. We also evaluated the 4 vOka markers in an isolate obtained from a case of vaccine HZ. The isolate carried the vOka allele at positions 105705, 106262 and 108111. However, at position 107252 the wt allele was present. Thus, all of the ORF62 vOka markers previously regarded as fixed occur as the wt allele in a small percentage of vOka strains. Characterization of all four vOka markers in ORF62 and the Clade 2 subtype marker in ORF38 is now necessary to confirm vOka adverse events. |
Molecular studies of the Oka varicella vaccine.
Quinlivan M , Breuer J , Schmid DS . Expert Rev Vaccines 2011 10 (9) 1321-36 Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight members of the Herpesviridae family for which humans are the primary host; it causes two distinct diseases, varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). Varicella results from primary infection, during which the virus establishes latency in sensory neurons, a characteristic of all members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Zoster is caused by reactivation of latent virus, which typically occurs when cellular immunity is impaired. VZV is the first human herpesvirus for which a vaccine has been licensed. The vaccine preparation, v-Oka, is a live-attenuated virus stock produced by the classic method of tissue culture passage in animal and human cell lines. Over 90 million doses of the vaccine have been administered in countries worldwide, including the USA, where varicella morbidity and mortality has declined dramatically. Over the last decade, several laboratories have been committed to investigating the mechanism by which the Oka vaccine is attenuated. Mutations have accumulated across the genome of the vaccine during the attenuation process; however, studies of the contribution of these changes to vaccine attenuation have been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model of VZV disease and by the heterogeneity that exists among the viral population within the vaccine preparation. Notwithstanding, a wealth of data has been generated using various laboratory methodologies. Studies of the vaccine virus in human xenografts implanted in severe combined immunodeficiency-hu mice, have enabled analyses of the replication dynamics of the vaccine in dorsal root ganglia, T lymphocytes and skin. In vitro assays have been used to investigate the effect of vaccine mutations on viral gene expression and sequence analysis of vaccine rash viruses has permitted investigations into spread of the vaccine virus in a human host. We present here a review of what has been learned thus far about the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the Oka vaccine. |
Actinic varicella vaccine rash
Theodoridou K , Papaevangelou V , Papadogeorgaki E , Quinlivan M , Theodoridou M , Kakourou T , Breuer J . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011 30 (12) 1116-8 The case of an 18-month-old girl with vesicular rash confined to a sunburned area after significant ultraviolet radiation exposure is reported. The child had been vaccinated 32 days before presentation, and a high viral load of Oka strain virus was detected in vesicular fluid. Possible pathogenesis is discussed. |
MTHFR 677C->T genotype is associated with folate and homocysteine concentrations in a large, population-based, double-blind trial of folic acid supplementation.
Crider KS , Zhu JH , Hao L , Yang QH , Yang TP , Gindler J , Maneval DR , Quinlivan EP , Li Z , Bailey LB , Berry RJ . Am J Clin Nutr 2011 93 (6) 1365-72 BACKGROUND: The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype is associated with modification of disease and risk of neural tube defects. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations change in response to daily intakes of folic acid supplements, but no large-scale or population-based randomized trials have examined whether the MTHFR genotype modifies the observed response. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether the MTHFR 677C-->T genotype modifies the response to folic acid supplementation during and 3 mo after discontinuation of supplementation. DESIGN: Northern Chinese women of childbearing age were enrolled in a 6-mo supplementation trial of different folic acid doses: 100, 400, and 4000 mcg/d and 4000 mcg/wk. Plasma and RBC folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured at baseline; after 1, 3, and 6 mo of supplementation; and 3 mo after discontinuation of supplementation. MTHFR genotyping was performed to identify a C-->T mutation at position 677 (n = 932). RESULTS: Plasma and RBC folate and homocysteine concentrations were associated with MTHFR genotype throughout the supplementation trial, regardless of folic acid dose. MTHFR TT was associated with lower folate concentrations, and the trend of TT < CC was maintained at even the highest doses. Folic acid doses of 100 mcg/d or 4000 mcg/wk did not reduce high homocysteine concentrations in those with the MTHFR TT genotype. CONCLUSION: MTHFR genotype was an independent predictor of plasma and RBC folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations and did not have a significant interaction with folic acid dose during supplementation. |
Psychosocial characteristics and sexual behaviors of people in care for HIV infection: an examination of men who have sex with men, heterosexual men and women
Golin C , Marks G , Wright J , Gerkovich M , Tien HC , Patel SN , Gardner L , O'Daniels C , Wilson TE , Thrun M , Thompson M , Raffanti S , Quinlivan EB . AIDS Behav 2009 13 (6) 1129-42 Few studies have examined the psychosocial factors associated with sexual transmission behaviors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men (MSW) and women. We enrolled 1,050 sexually active HIV-positive patients at seven HIV clinics in six US cities as part of a clinic-based behavioral intervention. We describe the sexual transmission behaviors and examine demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and clinic prevention variables associated with unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAVI). Twenty-three percent of MSM, 12.3% of MSW and 27.8% of women engaged in UAVI with partners perceived to be HIV-negative or of unknown serostatus. Among MSM and MSW, having multiple partners and lower self-efficacy were associated with increased odds of UAVI. Self-rating one's health status as excellent/very good was a risk factor for UAVI among MSM. Among women, binge drinking and stressful life events were associated with UAVI. These findings identify variables that warrant attention in targeted interventions. |
Delivery of an HIV prevention counseling program in an infectious diseases clinic: implementation process and lessons learned
Patel SN , Golin CE , Marks G , Grodensky CA , Earp JA , Zeveloff A , O'Daniels C , Gardner L , Boland MS , Davis R , Quinlivan EB . AIDS Patient Care STDS 2009 23 (6) 433-41 Current national guidelines recommend that all HIV care providers routinely counsel their HIV-infected patients about reducing HIV transmission behaviors. In this article we identify the challenges and lessons learned from implementing a provider-delivered HIV transmission risk-reduction intervention for HIV-infected patients (Positive Steps). Based on a multi-site Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiative, we integrated the Positive Steps program into an infectious diseases clinic in North Carolina. Of the nearly 1200 HIV-infected patients, 59% were African American, 44% were white, 33% were women, and over 50% were between 25 and 44 years of age. We obtained feedback from a community advisory board, input from clinic staff, and conducted formative interviews with clinic patients and providers to achieve overall acceptance of the program within the clinic. Clinic providers underwent training to deliver standardized prevention counseling. During program implementation we conducted a quality assessment of program components, including reviewing whether patients were screened for HIV transmission risk behaviors and whether providers counseled their patients. Once Positive Steps was implemented, on average, 69% of patients were screened and 77% of screened patients were counseled during the first 12 months. In analyses of quarterly exit surveys of patients after their medical exams, on average, 73% of respondents reported being asked about safer sex and 51% reported having safer-sex discussions with their providers across six quarterly periods. Of those who had discussions, 91% reported that those discussions were "very" or "moderately helpful." Providers reported time and competing medical priorities as barriers for discussing prevention with patients, however, provider-delivered counseling was routinely performed for 12 months. Overall, the findings indicate that the Positive Steps program was successfully integrated in an infectious diseases clinic and received well by patients. |
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